The Road Back.

Ambrosone, C. B., Freudenheim J. L., et al. (1999). "Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) genetic polymorphisms, dietary antioxidants, and risk of breast cancer." Cancer Res 59(3): 602-6.

Amores-Sanchez, MI, Medina, MA., Glutamine, as a precursor of glutathione, and oxidative stress. Mol Genet Metab 1999;67:100-5.

Aynacioglu, A.S., et al. Frequency of cytochrome P450 CYP2C9 variants in a Turkish population and functional relevance for phenytoin. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1999; 48(3):409-415

Bailey, L.B., Gregory, J.F., (1999)."Polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and other enzymes: metabolic significance, risks and impact on folate requirement." J Nutr 129(5): 919-22

Bailey, L.B., Gregory, J.F., (1999). "Folate metabolism and requirements." J Nutr 129(4): 779-82

Basile, V.S., Masellis, M., Potkin, S.G., Kennedy, J.L., Pharmacogenomics in schizophrenia: the quest for individualized therapy. Hum Mol Genet. 2002 Oct 1;11(20):2517-30

Bertilsson, L., et al (1993) Molecular basis for rational megaprescribing in ultrarapid hydroxylators of debrisoquine. Lancet 341:63

Blaisdell, J., Mohrenweiser, H., Jackson, Ferguson, J., Coulter, S., Chanas, S., Chanas, B., Xi, T., Ghanayem, B., Goldstein, J.A. Identification and functional characterization of new potentially defective alleles of human CYP2C19. Pharmacogenetics. 2002 Dec;12(9):703-11.

Borgstahl, G. E., H. E. Parge, et al. (1996). "Human mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase polymorphic variant Ile58Thr reduces activity by destabilizing the tetrameric interface." Biochemistry 35(14): 4287-97.

Bosron, W.F., Ting-Kai, L., (1986). "Genetic polymorphism of human liver alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases, and their relationship to alcohol metabolism and alcoholism." Hepatology 6(3): 502 - 510

Bradford, L.D., CYP2D6 allele frequency in European Caucasians, Asians, Africans and their descendants. Pharmacogenomics. 2002 Mar;3 (2):229-43.

Brockmoller, J., et.al. Pharmacogenetic diagnosis of cytochrome P450 polymorphisms in clinical drug development and in drug treatment. Pharmacogenetics. 2000:1:125-51.

Bunin, AIa, Filina, A.A., Erchev, V.P., A glutathione deficiency in open-angle glaucoma and the approaches to its correction. Vestn Oftalmol 1992;108:13-5 [in Russian].

Cascinu, S., Cordella, L., Del Ferro, E., et al. Neuroprotective effect of reduced glutathione on cisplatin-based chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Oncol 1995;13:26-32.

Ceriello, A., Giugliano, D., Quatraro, A., Lefebvre, P.J., Anti-oxidants show an anti-hypertensive effect in diabetic and hypertensive subjects. Clin Sci 1991;81:739-42.

Chang, T.K., et al. Enhanced cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide activation in primary human hepatocyte cultures: response to cytochrome P-450 inducers and autoinduction by oxazaphosphorines. Cancer Res 1997; 57(10):1946-54.

Chango, A., Boisson, F., et al. (2000). "The effect of 677C-->T and 1298A-->C mutations on plasma homocysteine and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity in healthy subjects." Br J Nutr 83(6): 593-6.

Cheng, T., Zhu, Z., et al. (2001). "Effects of multinutrient supplementation on antioxidant defense systems in healthy human beings." J Nutr Biochem 12(7): 388-395.

Chida, M., Yokoi, T., Fukui, T., Kinoshita, M., Yokota, J., Kamataki, T., Detection of three genetic polymorphisms in the 5'-flanking region and intron 1 of human CYP1A2 in the Japanese population. Jpn J Cancer Res. 1999 Sep;90(9):899-902

Chistyakov, D. A., Savost'anov, et al. (2001). "Polymorphisms in the Mn-SOD and EC-SOD genes and their relationship to diabetic neuropathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus." BMC Med Genet 2(1): 4.

Cosma, G., Crofts, F., et al. (1993). "Relationship between genotype and function of the human CYP1A1 gene." J Toxicol Environ Health 40(2-3): 309-16.

Cozza, K.L., Armstrong, S.C., Oesterheld, J.R., Drug Interaction principles for Medical Practice. American Psychiatric Publishing Inc. (2003)

Crabb, D. W., Edenberg, H. J., et al. (1989). "Genotypes for aldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency and alcohol sensitivity. The inactive ALDH2(2) allele is dominant." J Clin Invest 83(1): 314-6.

Crofts, F., Taioli, E., et al. (1994). "Functional significance of different human CYP1A1 genotypes." Carcinogenesis 15(12): 2961-3.

Cronin, K. A., Krebs-Smith, S. M., Feuer, E. J., Troiano, R. P., Ballard-Barbash, R., (2001 May). "Evaluating the impact of population changes in diet, physical activity, and weight status on population risk for colon cancer (United States)". Cancer Causes Control 12(4):305-16.

Dalhoff K, Ranek L, Mantoni M, Poulsen HE. Glutathione treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver 1992;12:341-3.

Dekou, V., Whincup, P., et al. (2001). "The effect of the C677T and A1298C polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene on homocysteine levels in elderly men and women from the British regional heart study." Atherosclerosis 154(3): 659-66.

De Morais, S.M., Wilkinson, G.R., Blaisdell, J., Nakamura, K., Meyer, U.A., Goldstein, J. The major genetic defect responsible for the polymorphism of S-mephenytoin metabolism in humans. J Biol Chem. 1994 Jun 3;269(22):15419-22

De Morais, S.M., Wilkinson, G.R., Blaisdell, J., Meyer, U.A., Nakamura, K., Goldstein, J.A. Identification of a new genetic defect responsible for the polymorphism of (S)-mephenytoin metabolism in Japanese. Mol Pharmacol. 1994 Oct;46(4):594-8

Department of Health, London; Stationary Office (2000). Committee on Medical Aspects of Food and Nutrition Policy. Folic acid and the prevention of disease.

Donnerstag,,B., Ohlenschläger, Cinatl, J., et al. Reduced glutathione and S-acetylglutathione as selective apoptosis-inducing agents in cancer therapy. Cancer Lett 1996;110:63-70.

Eap, C.B., Bender, S., Sirot, E.J., Cucchia, G., Jonzier-Perey, M., Baumann, P., Allorge, D., Broly, F., Nonresponse to clozapine and ultrarapid CYP1A2 activity: clinical data and analysis of CYP1A2 gene. Clin Psychopharmacol. 2004 Apr;24(2):214-9

Aklillu, Eleni, Carrillo, Juan Antonio, Makonnen, Eyasu, Hellman, Karin, Pitarque, Marià, Bertilsson, Ingelman-Sundberg, Leif and Magnus Genetic Polymorphism of CYP1A2 in Ethiopians Affecting Induction and Expression: Characterization of Novel Haplotypes with Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Intron 1. 2003 Mol Pharmacol 64:659-669.

Evans, William E. and McLeod, Howard L. Pharmacogenomics — Drug Disposition, Drug Targets, and Side Effects. New England Journal of Medicine 2003; 348:538-549.

Faber, M.S., Fuhr, U., Time response of cytochrome P450 1A2 activity on cessation of heavy smoking. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2004 Aug;76(2):178-84.

Favilli, F., Marraccini, P., Iantomasis, T., Vincenzini, M.T., Effect of orally administered glutathione on glutathione levels in some organs of rats: role of specific transporters. Br J Nutr 1997;78:293-300.

Fennell, T. R., MacNeela, J. P., et al. (2000). "Hemoglobin adducts from acrylonitrile and ethylene oxide in cigarette smokers: effects of glutathione S-transferase T1-null and M1-null genotypes." Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 9(7): 705-12.

Ferguson, R.J., De Morais, Benhamou, S.M., Benhamou, Bouchardy, S., Bouchardy, C., Blaisdell, J., Ibeanu, G., Wilkinson, G.R., Sarich, T.C., Wright, J.M., Dayer, P., Goldstein, J.A. A new genetic defect in human CYP2C19: mutation of the initiation codon is responsible for poor metabolism of S-mephenytoin. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1998 Jan;284(1):356-61.

Flagg, E.W., Coates, R.J., Jones, D.P., et al. Dietary glutathione intake and the risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer. Am J Epidemiol 1994;139:453-65.

Fohr I.O., Prinz-Lnagenohl, R., et al. (2002). "10-Methyleneterahydrofolate reductase genotype determines the plasma homocysteine-lowering effect of supplementation with 5-methyltetrahydrofolate or folic acid in healthy young women." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 75: 275 - 82

Fontana, R. J., Lown, K. S., et al. (1999). "Effects of a chargrilled meat diet on expression of CYP3A, CYP1A, and P- glycoprotein levels in healthy volunteers." Gastroenterology 117(1): 89-98.

Fowke, J.H., Longcope, C., Hebert, J.R., (2000) "Brassica Vegetable Consumption Shifts Estrogen Metabolism in Healthy Postmenopausal Women." Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 9(8):773-779.

Gao, X., Albena T., Dinkova-Kostova, P., Talalay (2001). "Powerful and prolonged protection of human retinal pigment epithelial cells, keratinocytes, and mouse leukemia cells against oxidative damage: The indirect antioxidant effects of sulforaphane." PNAS 98(26): 15221 - 15226.

Garcia-Giralt, E., Perdereau, B., Brixy, F., et al. Preliminary study of glutathione, L-cysteine and anthocyans (Recancostat Compositum™) in metastatic colorectal carcinoma with malnutrition. Seventh International Congress on Anti-Cancer Treatment, February 3-6, 1996, Paris, France.

Getahun, S.M., Chung, F.L., (1999). "Conversion of glucosinolates to isothiocyanates in humans after ingestion of cooked watercress." Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers Preview 8(5): 447 - 451.

Giovannucci, E., (1999). "Nutritional factors in human cancers." Adv Exp Med Biol 472: 29-42.

Giovannucci, E., Stampfer, M.J., et al. (1998). "Multivitamin use, folate, and colon cancer in women in the Nurses' Health Study." Annals of Internal Medicine 129: 517 – 524

Goldstein, J.A., Ishizaki, T., Chiba, K., De Morais, S.M., Bell, D., Krahn, P.M., Evans, D.A. Frequencies of the defective CYP2C19 alleles responsible for the mephenytoin poor metabolizer phenotype in various Oriental, Caucasian, Saudi Arabian and American black populations. Pharmacogenetics 1997, 7: 59-64.

Granfors, M.T., Backman, J.T., Neuvonen, M., Neuvonen, P.J., Ciprofloxacin greatly increases concentrations and hypotensive effect of tizanidine by inhibiting its cytochrome P450 1A2-mediated presystemic metabolism. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2004 Dec;76(6):598-606

Guttmacher, Alan E. and Collins, Francis S. Genomic Medicine — A Primer. New England Journal of Medicine 2002; 347:1512-1520.

Guyonnet, D., Belloir, C., Suschetet, M., Siess, M.H., Le Bon, A.M., (2001) Antimutagenic activity of organosulfur compounds from Allium is associated with phase II enzyme induction. Mut Res 496(1-2)135-142

Hagen, T.M., Wierzbicka, G.T., Sillau, A.H., et al. Fate of dietary glutathione: disposition in the gastrointestinal tract. Am J Physiol 1990;259(4Pt1):G530-5.

Hamdy, S.I., Hiratsuka, M., Narahara, K., Endo, N., El-Enany, M., Moursi, N., Ahmed, M.S., Mizugaki, M., Genotyping of four genetic polymorphisms in the CYP1A2 gene in the Egyptian population. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2003 Mar;55(3):321-4

Hamman, M.A., Thompson, G.A., Hall, S.D., Regioselective and stereoselective metabolism of ibuprofen by human cytochrome P450 2C. Biochem Pharmacol 1997; 54(1):33-41.

Harada, S., Agarwal, D. P., et al. (2001). "Metabolic and ethnic determinants of alcohol drinking habits and vulnerability to alcohol-related disorder." Alcohol Clin Exp Res 25(5 Suppl ISBRA): 71S-75S.

Heim, M. and Meyer, U.A., Genotyping of poor metabolisers of debrisoquine by allele-specific PCR amplification. Lancet 1990; 336:529-532.

Hibbeln, J.R., Umhau, J.C., Linnoila, M., et al. A replication study of violent and nonviolent subjects: cerebrospinal fluid metabolites of serotonin and dopamine are predicted by plasma essential fatty acids. Biol Psychiatry 1998;44:243–9.

Higashi, M.K., Veenstra, D.L., Kondo, L.M., Wittkowsky, A.K., Srinouanprachanh, S.L., Farin, F.M., Rettie, A.E., Association between CYP2C9 genetic variants and anticoagulation-related outcomes during warfarin therapy. JAMA. 2002 Apr 3;287(13):1690-8.

Ho, P.C., et al. Influence of CYP2C9 genotypes on the formation of a hepatotoxic metabolite of valproic acid in human liver microsomes. Pharmacogenomics J 2003; 3(6):335-42.

Hong, C.C., Tang, B.K., Hammond, G.L., Tritchler, D., Yaffe, M., Boyd, N.F., Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity and risk factors for breast cancer: a cross-sectional study. Breast Cancer Res. 2004;6(4):R352-65. Epub 2004 May 07

Hunjan, M.K., Evered, D.F. Absorption of glutathione from the gastro-intestinal tract. Biochim Biophys Acta 1985;815:184-8.

Ibeanu, G.C., Blaisdell, J., Ghanayem, B.I., Beyeler, C., Benhamou, S., Bouchardy, C., Wilkinson, G.R., Dayer, P., Daly, A.K., Goldstein, J.A. An additional defective allele, CYP2C19*5, contributes to the S-mephenytoin poor metabolizer phenotype in Caucasians. Pharmacogenetics. 1998 Apr;8(2):129-35.

Ibeanu, G.C., Goldstein, J.A., Meyer, U., Benhamou, S., Bouchardy, C., Dayer ,P., Ghanayem, B.I., Blaisdell, J. Identification of new human CYP2C19 alleles (CYP2C19*6 and CYP2C19*2B) in a Caucasian poor metabolizer of mephenytoin. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1998 Sep;286(3):1490-5.

Inoue, K., Asao, T., et al. (2000). "Ethnic-related differences in the frequency distribution of genetic polymorphisms in the CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 genes in Japanese and Caucasian populations." Xenobiotica 30(3): 285-95.1.

Jacques, P. F., Bostom, A. G., et al. (1996). "Relation between folate status, a common mutation in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, and plasma homocysteine concentrations." Circulation 93(1): 7-9.

Joffe, H.V., Johnson, X.R., Longtine, J., Kucher, N. and Goldhaber, S.Z. Warfarin dosing and Cytochrome P450 2C9 polymorphisms. Thromb Haemost; 2004 Jun;91(6):1123-8

Johnston, C.S., Meyer, C.G., Srilakshmi, J.C., Vitamin C elevates red blood cell glutathione in healthy adults. Am J Clin Nutr 1993;58:103-5.

Jones, D.P., Coates, R.J., Flagg, E.W., et al. Glutathione in foods listed in the National Cancer Institute’s Health Habits and History Food Frequency Questionnaire. Nutr Cancer 1995;17:57–75.

Julius, M., Lang, C., Gleiberman, L., et al. Glutathione and morbidity in a community-based sample of elderly. J Clin Epidemiol 1994;47:1021-6.

Kalow, W. and Grant, D.M., Pharmacogenetics - The metabolic and molecular bases of inherited disease. 1995. Scriver CR, et al, eds. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 293-326

Kang, Z. C., Tsai, S. J., et al. (1999). "Quercetin inhibits benzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA adducts in human Hep G2 cells by altering cytochrome P-450 1A1 gene expression." Nutr Cancer 35(2): 175-9.

Kirchheiner, J., Brockmoller, J. Clinical consequences of cytochrome P450 2C9 polymorphisms. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2005 Jan;77(1):1-16.

Kirchheiner, J., Brosen, K., Dahl, M.L., et al.: CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotype-based dose recommendations for antidepressants: a first step towards subpopulation-specific dosages. Acta Psych Scand 2001 Sept;104(3):173-192.

Kirchheiner, J., Tsahuridu, M., Jabrane, W., Roots, I., Brockmoller, J. The CYP2C9 polymorphism: from enzyme kinetics to clinical dose recommendations. Personalized Med 2004 1(1) 63-84

Kirchheiner, J., Nickchen, K., Bauer, M., Wong, M.L., Licinio, J., Roots, I., Brockmoller, J. Pharmacogenetics of antidepressants and antipsychotics: the contribution of allelic variations to the phenotype of drug response. Mol Psychiatry. 2004 May;9 (5):442-73.

Kirchheiner, J., et al. Pharmacogenetics of antidepressants and antipsychotics: the contribution of allelic variations to the phenotype of drug response. Molecular Psychiatry 2004 9, 442-473

Lam, Y.W.F., Gaedigk, A., Ereshefsy, L., et al: CYP2D6 inhibition by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: analysis of achievable steady-state plasma concentrations and the effect of ultrarapid metabolism at CYP2D6. Pharmacotherapy 2002;22:1001-1006.

Lampe, J.W., Chen C., et al. (2000). "Modulation of human glutathione S-transferases by botanically defined vegetable diets." Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers Preview 9(8):787-93.

Landi, S., (2000). "Mammalian class theta GST and differential susceptibility to carcinogens: a review." Mutat Res 463(3): 247-83.

Lanza, E; Schatzkin, A., Daston, C., Corle, D., Freedman, L., Ballard-Barbash, R., Caan, B., Lance, P., Marshall, J., Iber, F., Shike, M., Weissfeld, J., Slattery, M., Paskett, E., Mateski, D., Albert, P., and the PPT Study Group (2001). "Implementation of a 4-y, high-fiber, high-fruit-and-vegetable, low-fat dietary intervention: results of dietary changes in the Polyp Prevention Trial 1, 2" Am J Clin Nutr 74:387-401

Lenzi, A., Picardo, M., Gandini, L., et al. Glutathione treatment of dyspermia: effect on the lipoperoxidation process. Hum Reprod 1994;9:2044-50.

Lenzi, A., Culasso, F., Gandini, L., et al. Placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over trial of glutathione therapy in male infertility. Hum Reprod 1993;8:1657-62.

Lewis, D.F., Lake, B.G., Dickins, M., Substrates of human cytochromes P450 from families CYP1 and CYP2: analysis of enzyme selectivity and metabolism. Drug Metabol Drug Interact. 2004;20(3):111-42.

Lin, H.J., Probst-Hensch, N.M., Louie, A.D., Kau, I.H., Witte, J.S., Ingles, S.A., Frankl, H.D., Lee, E.R., Haile, R.W., (1998 Aug). "Glutathione transferase null genotype, broccoli, and lower prevalence of colorectal adenomas." Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 7(8):647-52.

Linder, M.W., Prough, R.A., Valdes, R. Jr. Pharmacogenetics: a laboratory tool for optimizing therapeutic efficiency. Clin Chem 1997;43:254-66.

Linder, M.W., Valdes, R .Jr. Pharmacogenetics in the Practice of Laboratory Medicine. Molecular Diagnosis. 1999;4:365-79.

Linder, M.W., Valdes, R. Jr. Genetic mechanisms for variability in drug response and toxicity. J Anal Toxicol 2001;25:405-13.

Linder, M.W., Valdes, R. Jr. Pharmacogenetics in the practice of laboratory medicine. Mol Diagn 1999;4:365-79.

Linder, M.W., Valdes, R. Jr. Fundamentals and applications of pharmacogenetics for the clinical laboratory. Ann Clin Lab Sci 1999;29:140-9.

London, S. J., Yuan, J. M., et al. (2000). "Isothiocyanates, glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 polymorphisms, and lung-cancer risk: a prospective study of men in Shanghai, China." Lancet 356(9231): 724-9.

Lundqvist, E., Johansson, I., Ingelman-Sundberg, M. Genetic mechanisms for duplication and multiduplication of the human CYP2D6 gene and methods for detection of duplicated CYP2D6 genes. Gene 1999 Jan 21;226(2):327-338.

Lutz, W. K., “Carcinogens in the diet vs overnutrition. Individual dietary habits, malnutrition, and genetic susceptibility modify carcinogenic potency and cancer risk.” Mutation Research (1999) 443: 251-258

Marez, D., Legrand, M., Sabbagh, N., Guidice, J.M., Spire, C., Lafitte, J.J., Meyer, U.A., Broly, F. Polymorphism of the cytochrome P450 CYP2D6 gene in a European population: characterization of 48 mutations and 53 alleles, their frequencies and evolution. Pharmacogenetics. 1997 Jun;7(3):193-202.

Michaud, D.S., Spiegelman, D., et al.(1999). "Fruit and vegetable intake and incidence of bladder cancer in a male prospective cohort." J Natl Cancer Inst 91(7): 605-13.

Miller, M.C. 3rd, Mohrenweiser, H.W., Bell, D.A. (2001) “Genetic variability in susceptibility and response to toxicants.” Toxicol Lett 120(1-3):269-80

Miners, J. CYP2C9 polymorphism: impact on tolbutamide pharmacokinetics and response. Pharmacogenetics 2002; 12(2):91-2.

Molloy, J., Martin, J.F., Baskerville, P.A., et al. S-nitrosoglutathione reduces the rate of embolization in humans. Circulation 1998;98:1372-5.

Nakajima, M., Yokoi, T., Mizutani, M., Kinoshita, M., Funayama, M., Kamataki, T. Genetic polymorphism in the 5'-flanking region of human CYP1A2 gene: effect on the CYP1A2 inducibility in humans. J Biochem (Tokyo). 1999 Apr;125(4):803-8

Nemets, B., Stahl, Z., Belmaker,R.H. Addition of omega-3 fatty acid to maintenance medication treatment for recurrent unipolar depressive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2002;159:477–9.

Nijhoff, W.A., Mulder, T.P., et al. (1995). "Effects of consumption of Brussels sprouts on plasma and urinary glutathione S-transferase class-alpha and -pi in humans." Carcinogenesis 16(4): 955-7.

Parke, D.V. (1999). "Antioxidants and disease prevention: mechanisms of action". Antioxidants in Human Health. CABI Publishing.

Perera, F. P. and Weinstein, I. B. (2000). "Molecular epidemiology: recent advances and future directions." Carcinogenesis 21(3): 517-24.

Peyvandi, F., Spreafico, M., Siboni, S.M., Moia, M. and Mannucci, P.M. CYP2C9 genotypes and dose requirements during the induction phase of oral anticoagulation therapy. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2004; 75(3):198-203

Regier, D.A., Narrow, W.E., Rae, D.S., et al. The de facto US mental and addictive disorders service system. Epidemiologic Catchment Area prospective 1-year prevalence rates of disorders and services. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993;50:85–94.

Rozen, R. (2000). "Genetic modulation of homocysteinemia." Semin Thromb Hemost 26(3): 255-61.

Rettie, A.E., et al. Impaired (S)-warfarin metabolism catalysed by the R144C allelic variant of CYP2C9. Pharmacogenetics 1994; 4(1):39-42.

Sachse, C., Brockmoller, J., Bauer, S., Roots, I. Functional significance of a C-->A polymorphism in intron 1 of the cytochrome P450 CYP1A2 gene tested with caffeine. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1999 Apr;47(4):445-9

Sandhu, M.S., White, I.R., McPherson, K. (2001). “Systematic review of the prospective cohort studies on meat consumption and colorectal cancer risk: a meta-analytical approach.” Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 10(5): 439-46

Schuppe, H.C., Wieneke, P., Donat, S., Fritsche, E., Kohn, F.M., Abel, J. (2000). “Xenobiotic metabolism, genetic polymorphisms and male infertility.” Andrologia 32(4-5): 255-62

Scordo, M.G., et al. Genetic polymorphism of cytochrome P450 2C9 in a Caucasian and a black African population. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2001; 52(4):447-450.

Sechi, G., Deledda, M.G., Bua, G., et al. Reduced intravenous glutathione in the treatment of early Parkinson’s disease. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 1996;20:1159-70.

Sen, C.K. Nutritional biochemistry of cellular glutathione. Nutr Biochem 1997;8:660-72.

Sinha, R., Chow, W.H., Kulldorff, M., Denobile, J., Butler, J., Garcia-Closas, M., Weil, R., Hoover, R.N., Rothman, N. (1999). “Well-done, grilled red meat increases the risk of colorectal adenomas.” Cancer Res 59(17): 4320-4

Smith, T.J., Yang, C.S. (2000). "Effect of organosulfur compounds from garlic and cruciferous vegetables on drug metabolism enzymes.” Drug Metabol Drug Interact 17(1-4):23-49

Solus, J.F., Arietta, B.J., Harris, J.R., Sexton, D.P., Steward, J.Q., McMunn, C., Ihrie, P., Mehall, J.M., Edwards, T.L., Dawson, E.P. Genetic variation in eleven phase I drug metabolism genes in an ethnically diverse population. Pharmacogenomics. 2004 Oct;5(7):895-931.

Spiteri, M. A., Bianco, A., et al. (2000). "Polymorphisms at the glutathione S-transferase, GSTP1 locus: a novel mechanism for susceptibility and development of atopic airway inflammation." Allergy 55(Suppl 61): 15-20.

Steen, V.M., et al. Detection of the poor metabolizer-associated CYP2D6(D) gene deletion by long-PCR technology. Pharmacogenetics 1995; 5:215-223.

Steinkellner, H., Rabot, S., Freywald, C., Nobis, E., Scharf, G., Chabicovsky, M., Knasmuller, S., Kassie, F. (2001). “Effects of cruciferous vegetables and their constituents on drug metabolizing enzymes involved in the bioactivation of DNA-reactive dietary carcinogens.” Mutat Res 480-481: 285-97

Stoll, A.L., Severus, W.E., Freeman, M.P., et al. Omega 3fatty acids in bipolar disorder: a preliminary double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999;56:407–12.

Strange, R. C., Spiteri, M. A., et al. (2001). "Glutathione-S-transferase family of enzymes." Mutat Res 482(1-2): 21-6.

Smyth, J.F., Bowman, A., Perren, T., et al. Glutathione reduces the toxicity and improves quality of life of women diagnosed with ovarian cancer treated with cisplatin: results of a double-blind, randomised trial. Ann Oncol 1997;8:569-73.

Takahashi, H., Echizen, H. Pharmacogenetics of warfarin elimination and its clinical implications. Clin Pharmacokinet 2001; 40(8):587-603.

Takeshita, T. and Morimoto, K. (2000). "Accumulation of hemoglobin-associated acetaldehyde with habitual alcohol drinking in the atypical ALDH2 genotype." Alcohol Clin Exp Res 24(1): 1-7.

Testa, B., Mesolella, M., Testa, D. Glutathione in the upper respiratory tract. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1995;104:117-9.

Trickler, D., Shklar, G., Schwartz, J. Inhibition of oral carcinogenesis by glutathione. Nutr Cancer 1993;20:139-44.

Ueland, P. M., Hustad, S., et al. (2001). "Biological and clinical implications of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism." Trends Pharmacol Sci 22(4): 195-201.

Vakevainen, S., Tillonen, J., Agarwal, D.P., Srivastava, N., Salaspuro, M. (2000). “High salivary acetaldehyde after a moderate dose of alcohol in ALDH2-deficient subjects: strong evidence for the local carcinogenic action of acetaldehyde.” Alcohol Clin Exp Res 22(4): 195-201

Van der Weide, J. and Steijns, L.S.W. Cytochrome P450 enzyme system: genetic polymorphisms and impact on clinical pharmacology. Ann Clin Biochem 1999; 36:722-729.

Van Iersel, M.L., Verhagen, H., et al. (1999). "The role of biotransformation in dietary (anti)carcinogenesis." Mutation Research 443(1-2): 259-70.

Van Landeghem, G. F., Tabatabaie, P., et al. (1999). "Ethnic variation in the mitochondrial targeting sequence polymorphism of MnSOD." Hum Hered 49(4): 190-3.

Vendemiale, G., Altomare, E., Trizio, T., et al. Effects of oral S-adenosyl-L-methionine on hepatic glutathione in patients with liver disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 1989;24:407-15.

Verhoeff, B. J., Trip, M. D., et al. (1998). "The effect of a common methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mutation on levels of homocysteine, folate, vitamin B12 and on the risk of premature atherosclerosis." Atherosclerosis 141(1): 161-6.

Wang, S.T., Chen, H.W., Sheen, L.Y., Lii, C.K. Methionine and cysteine affect glutathione level, glutathione-related enzyme activities and the expression of glutathione S-transferase isozymes in rat hepatocytes. J Nutr 1997;127:2135-41.

Wang, X., Zuckerman, B., et al. (2002) "Maternal cigarette smoking, metabolic gene polymorphism, and infant birth weight." Journal of the American Medical Association 287(2): 195 - 202

Weinshilboum, Richard. Inheritance and Drug Response New England Journal of Medicine 2003; 348:529-537

White, A.C., Thannickal, V.J., Fanburg, B.L. Glutathione deficiency in human disease. J Nutr Biochem 1994;5:218–26.

Willett, W.C. (1995). ”Diet, nutrition, and avoidable cancer”. Environ Health Perspect 103(Suppl 8): 165-170

Williams, J.A., Martin, F.L., Muir, G.H., Hewer, A., Grover, P.L., Phillips, D.H. (2000). “Metabolic activation of carcinogens and expression of various cytochromes P450 in human prostate tissue.” Carcinogenesis 21(9): 1683-9.

Witschi, A., Reddy, S., Stofer, B., Lauterburg, B.H. The systemic availability of oral glutathione. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1992;43:667-9.

Wolf ,C.R. and Smith, G. Pharmacogenetics. Br Med Bull 1999; 55(2):366-386.

Xiao, Z.S., Goldstein, J.A., Xie, H.G., Blaisdell, J., Wang, W., Jiang, C.H., Yan, F.X., He, N., Huang, S.L., Xu, Z.H., Zhou, H.H. Differences in the incidence of the CYP2C19 polymorphism affecting the S-mephenytoin phenotype in Chinese Han and Bai populations and identification of a new rare CYP2C19 mutant allele. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1997 Apr;281(1):604-9.

Yamauchi, M., Takeda, K., Sakamoto, K., Searashi, Y., Uetake, S., Kenichi, H., Toda, G. (2001). “Association of polymorphism in the alcohol dehydrogenase 2 gene with alcohol-induced testicular atrophy.” Alcohol Clin Exp Res 25( Suppl 6): 16-8

Yokoyama, A., Muramatsu, T., Ohmori, T., Yokoyama, T., Okuyama, K., Takahashi, H., Hasegawa, Y., Higuchi, S., Maruyama, K., Shirakura, K., Ishii, H. (1998). “Alcohol-related cancers and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 in Japanese alcoholics.” Carcinogenesis 19(8):1383-7

Zackrisson, A.L., Lindblom, B. Identification of CYP2D6 alleles by single nucleotide polymorphism analysis using pyrosequencing. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2003 Oct;59 (7):521-6.

Zhao, B., Seow, A, Lee, E.J., Poh, W.T., The, M., Eng, P., Wang, Y.T., Tan, W.C., Yu, M.C., Lee, H.P. (2001). “Dietary isothiocyanates, glutathione S-transferase -M1, -T1 polymorphisms and lung cancer risk among Chinese women in Singapore.” Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 10(10): 1063-7

Zusterzeel, P.L., Nelen, W.L., Roelofs, H.M., Peters, W.H., Blom, H.J., Steegers, E.A. (2000). “Polymorphisms in biotransformation enzymes and the risk for recurrent early pregnancy loss.” Mol Hum Reprod 6(5): 474-8

The claims, information and products mentioned through this site or within the book, How to Get Off psychiatric Drugs Safely have not been evaluated by the United States Food and Drug Administration and are not approved to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent disease. The information provided on this site or within the book, How to Get Off Psychiatric Drugs Safely is for informational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for advice from your physician or other healthcare professional. You should not use the information on this site for diagnosis or treatment of any health problem or for prescription of any medication or other treatment. You should consult with a healthcare professional before starting any diet, exercise or supplementation program, before taking any medication, or if you have or suspect you might have a health problem.

Copyright 2006 The Road Back. All rights reserved. No part of this Web Site may be reprinted or distributed without permission.
Copyright 2006 - How to Get Off Psychiatric Drugs Safely by James L. Harper used with permission.
Copyright 2007 - How to Get Off Psychiatric Drugs Safely by James L. Harper used with permission.

Effexor Lexapro - Lexapro Description - Lexapro Side Effects - Paxil Side Effects - Valium - Zoloft Withdrawal - Zoloft ADR